Note: For all of the following problems, you may assume that the user input adheres to the expected format, although for some problems there is some intended variation in the precise input format.

All of these problems are for practice. You are freely encouraged to work together and you do not need to submit any of this work for a grade.

1. Write a program that performs a simple version of conversion to Pig Latin, where the user enters a single word and you output a new word in which the first letter of the original word is moved to the end and then followed by the letters 'ay'. Finally, the result should be capitalized in its new form. The precise format should match the following sample session. (Note well the treatment of capitalization.)

   Enter a word: Book Ookbay

   You do not need to concern yourself with more complicated special cases for Pig Latin (such as when the word starts with a vowel)

   Answer: Show/Hide

   word = input('Enter a word: ')
   result = word[1:] + word[0] + 'ay'
   print(result.capitalize())

2. Write a program that takes a word and prints its first three characters (if those exist) in uppercase. Sample executions appears as follows:

   Enter a word: March MAR

   Enter a word: no NO

   Answer: Show/Hide

   word = input('Enter a word: ')
   print(word[ :3].upper())

3. Write a program that accepts two integers on a single line, separated by a space, and which prints the sum of the two values. A sample execution appears as follows:

   Enter two integers: 15 3 Their sum is 18

   Answer: Show/Hide

   response = input('Enter two integers: ')
   pieces = response.split()
   a = int(pieces[0])
   b = int(pieces[1])
   print('Their sum is', a+b)

4. Write a program which accepts a word from the user and which reports whether that word is a palindrome (that is, the same forward or backward). Sample executions appears as follows:

   Enter a word: kayak Palindrome: True

   Enter a word: boat Palindrome: False

   Hint: you can print a boolean value.

   Answer: Show/Hide

   word = input('Enter a word: ')
   valid = word == word[::-1]
   print('Palindrome:', valid)

5. Write a program that accepts a person's height in traditional notation for feet/inches, and which reports the number of inches that represents. A sample execution appears as follows:

   What is your height (e.g., 5'8")? 5'10" That is 70 inches.

   Answer: Show/Hide

   original = input('What is your height (e.g., 5\'8"): ')
   pieces = original.split("'")
   feet = int(pieces[0])
   inches = int(pieces[1].strip('"'))
   inches += 12*feet
   print('That is', inches, 'inches.')

6. Write a program that asks the user for a date, in the form Month day, year, and which echos that date in numeric form mm/dd/yyyy. A sample execution appears as follows:

   What is today's date? September 17, 2018 9/17/2018

   Your program may rely on use of the following tuple.

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September',
        'October', 'November', 'December')

   Answer: Show/Hide

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September',
        'October', 'November', 'December')
   
   original = input("What is today's date? ")
   
   pieces = original.split()
   month = 1 + monthNames.index(pieces[0])
   day = pieces[1].strip(',')
   year = pieces[2]
   
   result = str(month) + '/' + day + '/' + year
   print(result)

7. Write a program that takes a date of the numeric form mm/dd/yyyy and converts it to the equivalent format date monthname year, demonstrated as follows:

   What is today's date [mm/dd/yyyy]? 09/17/2018 17 September 2018

   Try to design the program so that if there is a leading zero in the date, it is omitted in the newly formatted string, as in

   What is today's date [mm/dd/yyyy]? 09/03/2018 3 September 2018

   Would your program still work if the user omits leading zeros in the month and/or day, as in the following?

   What is today's date [mm/dd/yyyy]? 01/01/2000 1 January 2000

   Your program may rely on use of the following tuple.

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September',
        'October', 'November', 'December')

   Answer: Show/Hide

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September',
        'October', 'November', 'December')
   
   original = input("What is today's date [mm/dd/yyyy]? ")
   
   pieces = original.split('/')
   
   month = monthNames[int(pieces[0]) - 1]
   day = pieces[1].lstrip('0')             # could also be done as str(int(pieces[1]))
   year = pieces[2]
   
   result = day + ' ' + month + ' ' + year
   print(result)

8. Write a program that asks the user for the name of a month, and which reports the appropriate birthstone. A sample execution appears as follows:

   Enter a month: March March's birthstone is Aquamarine.

   Your program can rely on use of the following two tuples.

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August',
        'September', 'October', 'November', 'December')
   birthstones = ('Garnet', 'Amethyst', 'Aquamarine', 'Diamond',
       'Emerald', 'Pearl', 'Ruby', 'Peridot',
       'Sapphire', 'Opal', 'Topaz', 'Turquoise')

   Answer: Show/Hide

   monthNames = ('January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
        'May', 'June', 'July', 'August',
        'September', 'October', 'November', 'December')
   birthstones = ('Garnet', 'Amethyst', 'Aquamarine', 'Diamond',
       'Emerald', 'Pearl', 'Ruby', 'Peridot',
       'Sapphire', 'Opal', 'Topaz', 'Turquoise')
   
   month = input('Enter a month: ').strip()
   stone = birthstones[monthNames.index(month)]
   print(month + "'s birthstone is " + stone + '.')

9. The replace(old,new) method of strings replaces all occurrences of old with new. However, if that method did not exist, we could accomplish the task by splitting on the old pattern to get the remaining pieces, and then joining those back together with the new replacement.

   Demonstrate this technique by writing a program that asks the user for a sentence and which replaces all spaces with underscore characters. Sample executions appear as follows:

   Enter a sentence: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog

   Enter a sentence: What if there are extra spaces ? What_if___there_are___extra_spaces_?

   Answer: Show/Hide

   original = input("Enter a sentence: ")
   print('_'.join(original.split(' ')))    # split on single space